Direct Speech
the sentence pronounced by
the speaker directly
Indirect Speech
used when we want to report
the words of one person to another indirectly
The changes that need to be from
Direct to Indirect Speech:
1. To be &
Auxiliary Verbs
Am/is/are --------------> was/were
Shall/will --------------> should/would
Can --------------> could
Have/has
to -------------->
had to/Ought to
May
------------> might
Must
2. Time &
Place
now --------------> then
tomorrow --------------> the following day
next
week --------------> the following week
tonight --------------> that night
today --------------> that day
yesterday --------------> the day before
last
night --------------> the night before
last
week --------------> the week before/the precious week
here --------------> there
this --------------> that
these --------------> those
3. Tenses
Simple present --------------> simple past
Present continous --------------> past continous
Present perfect continous --------------> past perfect continous
Simple future --------------> past future
Simple past
--------------> past perfect
Present perfect
Direct and Indirect Speech consists of 3 types :
o Statement
In the Indirect
Statement we use the word "that" as a link between introduce phrase
and reported words.
Introductory
sentences in indirect statement is :
He said
He said to me that + reported words
He told me
Exemple :
--- Mary told her mom “I have see what you
see mom. The ghost is behind
the window in last night!”
--- Mary told her mom that she had
see what her mom see. The ghost was
behind the window last night!
But
if the introductory sentence in the form of the Simple Present Tense,
the
sentence which reported no change.
Introductory
sentences in this type is :
He says
Exemple :
--- my boyfriend says “I will played
futsal with my friend tomorrow”
--- my boyfriend says he will played futsal with
his friend tomorrow.
o Command
Its
characteristics is in the conversation giving a command.
§ Positive Command
In a positive
command's add "to" in front of the command sentence, as a link
between the introduce phrase and reported words. Introductory sentences in this
type is :
He asked me
He told me
Exemple :
--- The
teacher said to the students “seeing your book in pages 21”
--- The
teacher told the students to be see our book in pages 21.
--- Jhony
deep told me “Stop eating mie to fast”
--- Jhony
deep told me to stop eating mie to fast.
§ Negative Command
In negative
commands we add "not to" in front of the command reported.
--- The teacher
said to the students “don’t make noisy!”
--- The teacher
told the students not to make noisy!
--- Jhony deep
told me “don’t break my heart”
--- Jhony deep
told me not to break my heart.
o Question
When in the
direct questions using question words such as Where, When, Why, What, Who, How,
etc., then the words are used as intermediaries in reported Speech. Reported
questions turned into a positive form.
Introductory sentence
is:
- The man asked me “Where do you find my wallet?”
- The man asked me where I found his wallet.
- John asked Mary “Why did you cut the
cable?”
- John asked Mary why did she cut the
cable.
When a question in the form
of "Yes and No Question", then we use the words "if and
Whether" as a link between the introductory sentences and questions were
reported.
Please note that the word 'whether' can be replaced
by the word 'if' that has the same meaning.
Exemple :
--- Mary asked
her teacher : “do you have a pin bb miss?”
--- Mary asked
her teacher if she had a pin bb
--- Mary asked
her teacher whether she had a pin bb
SUMBER :
sebenernya udh ada sih penjelasan giman caranya buat mengaplikasikan v-class
